Understanding Travel Document Requirements: Real ID, UK ETA, and ETIAS

Real ID

What is Real ID?
Real ID is a state-issued driver’s license or identification card that meets federal security standards established by the REAL ID Act of 2005.

Start Date:
The enforcement of Real ID requirements begins on May 7, 2025.

Rules:
- A Real ID will be required for individuals 18 years or older to board domestic flights within the U.S. or enter certain federal facilities.
- It is not mandatory for driving or general identification purposes; a passport or other TSA-approved ID can be used instead for flights.

Cost:
The cost of a Real ID varies by state but typically ranges from $20 to $50. Check with your state’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) for exact pricing.

References:
- REAL ID Information: https://www.dhs.gov/real-id
- TSA Acceptable IDs: https://www.tsa.gov/travel/security-screening/identification 

UK Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA)

What is the UK ETA?
The UK ETA is a digital authorization for visa-exempt travelers visiting the United Kingdom for short stays, including tourism, business, or transit.

Start Date:
This will begin Jan 8, 2025

Rules:
- Travelers must apply online before their trip and receive approval. You will usually get a decision within 3 working days, but you may get a quicker decision.
- An ETA is linked to the applicant’s passport and remains valid for 2 years and as many  entries as desired within its validity period.
- It is required even for transit through the UK, which means if you have a layover in the UK on your way somewhere else.

Cost:
The fee will be £10 per application.

References:
- UK ETA Overview: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-an-electronic-travel-authorisation-eta
- UK Immigration Rules: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/immigration-rules

European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS)

What is ETIAS?
ETIAS is a pre-travel authorization required for travelers from visa-exempt countries visiting countries in the Schengen Area of Europe.

Start Date:
ETIAS will be enforced starting in 2025 (exact date pending final confirmation).

Rules:
- Travelers must apply online and provide personal, travel, and security information.
- Approval is typically granted quickly but may take up to 96 hours.
- ETIAS is valid for three years or until the expiration of the associated passport, allowing multiple entries during this period.
- It is required for stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period.

Cost:
The application fee is €7 (~$8), and applicants under 18 or over 70 years old are exempt from payment, although it is still required.

References:
- ETIAS Information: https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias_en
- Schengen Visa Info: https://www.schengenvisainfo.com/etias/